World Health Organization Organisation Mondiale De La Sante

ed, quoted or translated without the of the World Health Organization. Authors alone are responsible for views expressed In Signed articles. Ce document ne constitue pas une publication. I I ne doit faire I'objet d'aucun cornpte rendu ou resume ni d'aucune citation ou traduction sans I'autorisation de !'Organisation mondiale de la Sante. Les opinions exprimees dans les articles signes n'engagent que leurs auteurs. \~0/0Ct$/86.3 page 2 3. POLLENS PROPERTIES AND SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . ~ * ~ s = a * . . . . 3.1 Functional anatomy of pollen ..........................................s~~s... 3.2 Properties of major pollen allergens ............................ .. . l l . . la... . 3.3 Relationships among pollen allergens 3.3.1 Pollens of conifers and related taxa .......................e...,e*..,. 3.3.2 Pollens of grasses and their allies ......................-.-e.ea.B..,. 3.3.3 The ragweeds and other members of Compositae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . a s . . 3.3.4 The chenopod-ainaranth complex 3.3.5 Additional pollen allergen relationships ....................m..*se,.., 3.3.6 Allergens of cogeneric species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . ~ a s s m . a ~ ~ ~ s . 3.4 Pollens of Compositae implicated in allergic contact dermatitis .............. 3.5 Pollen sources and dispersion .................................-e...e...*s.e. 3.5.1 Adaptations to anemophily ............................................. 3.6 Pollen shedding and initial dispersion .......................s-*.e.ese'..... 4. CIRCLMSTANCES OF POLLEN EXPOSURE ...................................*.~..am~~s6.... 4.1 General considerations ........................................a....+.~e~~~ * = . 4.2 Pollen allergens in microaerosols .........................,.,,..,.........*.. 4.3 Prevalence of native pollens .........................................-e+-*.a. 4.3.1 Geographic considerations ............................................. 4.3.2 Diurnal prevalence patterns 4.3.3 Spatial prevalence patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . s . . . ~ . ~ e ~ ~ . . . 4.3.4 Additional determinants of pollen exposure ...................*. ' * . . . . . 5. ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO ALLERGENIC POLLENS = 5.1 General considerations . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . a e . m m e . . . 5.2 Non-volumetric options as prevalence estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . e a e e s . 5.3 Volumetric estimators of pollen prevalence .....................e.e~..~~...... 5-3.1 Suction devices ............................................e.eae--.',5.3.2 Rotating-arm impactors 5.4 Placement of pollen samplers ........................................,.a*sa... 6. PATHOGENESIS OF POLLEN-INDUCED ILLNESS ....................................... . * = 6.1 Clinical patterns of pollinosis 6.1.1 Allergic rhinitis ............................ 6.1.2 Bronchial asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , * * a 6.1.3 Other manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . a . 6.1.4 In vivo correlates of natural responses to allergens